Tice Art Who Controlled an Artists Career in the 19th Century?

The 19th Century: The Invention of Photography

William Henry Fox Talbot, British, 1800–1877, A Scene in York: York Minster from Lop Lane, 1845, salted paper print, Edward J. Lenkin Fund, Melvin and Thelma Lenkin Fund, and Stephen Grand. Stein Fund, 2011.57.1

A British polymath equally skilful in astronomy, chemistry, Egyptology, physics, and philosophy, Talbot spent years inventing a photographic process that created newspaper negatives, which were then used to make positive prints—the conceptual basis of nigh all photography until the digital historic period. Calotypes, as he came to call them, are softer in result than daguerreotypes, the other process appear in 1839. Though steeped in the sciences, Talbot understood the ability of his invention to make striking works of fine art. Here the partially obstructed view of the cathedral ascent from the confines of the city gives a sense of discovery, of having just turned the corner and encountered this scene.

The 19th Century: The Invention of Photography

David Octavius Hill and Robert Adamson, Scottish, 1802–1870, and Scottish, 1821–1848, David Octavius Loma at the Gate of Rock Business firm, Edinburgh, 1843–1847, salted paper print, Paul Mellon Fund, 2007.29.27

In the mid-1840s, the Scottish team of Hill, a painter, and Adamson, a photographer who had opened the first photography studio in Edinburgh, produced some of the finest pictures made with the newly invented medium. Theirs was a truthful partnership of technical skills and inventiveness. In the four cursory years of their alliance before Adamson's untimely death, they created some 3 thousand portraits and pictures of local life. This moving-picture show of Hill, made at the archway to his studio, is characteristic of the partners' deft harnessing of light and shadow to model the subject'south face, suggesting a psychological intensity.

The 19th Century: The Invention of Photography

Albert Sands Southworth and Josiah Johnson Hawes, American, 1811–1894, and American, 1808–1901, The Alphabetic character, c. 1850, daguerreotype, Patrons' Permanent Fund, 1999.94.1

Working together in Boston, the portrait photographers Southworth and Hawes aimed to capture the character of their subjects using the daguerreotype procedure. Invented in France and one of the two photographic processes introduced to the public in early 1839, the daguerreotype is fabricated past exposing a silver-coated copper plate to light and and then treating it with chemicals to bring out the image. The heyday of the technique was the 1840s and 1850s, when it was used primarily for making portraits. The daguerreotype's long exposure fourth dimension usually resulted in frontal, frozen postures and stern facial expressions; this moving picture's pyramidal composition and strong sentiments of friendship and companionship are characteristic of Southworth and Hawes'south innovative arroyo.

The 19th Century: The Invention of Photography

Roger Fenton, British, 1819–1869, Moscow, Domes of Churches in the Kremlin, 1852, salted paper impress, Paul Mellon Fund, 2005.52.one

Trained every bit a lawyer and painter, Fenton photographed for only xi years, yet he was 1 of United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland's most influential and skilled practitioners. The first official photographer to the British Museum, he was too one of the founders of the Photographic Society, an organization he hoped would establish photography'due south importance in modern life. He constantly tested the limits of his practice, even hauling his cumbersome equipment abroad to places such as Russia, where he made this photograph as part of a remarkable series of architectural views of the Kremlin.

The 19th Century: The Invention of Photography

Roger Fenton, British, 1819–1869, Fruit and Flowers, 1860, albumen impress, Paul Mellon Fund, 2005.52.4

The 19th Century: The Invention of Photography

Gustave Le Greyness, French, 1820–1884, The Pont du Carrousel, Paris: View to the W from the Pont des Arts, 1856–1858, albumen print, Patrons' Permanent Fund, 1995.36.94

Early Decades of Photography in France (Slides 6–9)

In the 2nd one-half of the nineteenth century, some photographers in French republic, hired by governmental agencies to make photographic inventories or merely catering to the growing demand for pictures of Paris, drew on the medium'due south documentary abilities to tape the nation'south architectural patrimony and the modernization of Paris. Others explored the camera's artistic potential by capturing the ephemeral moods of nature in the French countryside. Though photographers faced difficulties in carting around heavy equipment and operating in the field, they learned how to main the elements that direct affected their pictures, from securing the right vantage point to dealing with motility, calorie-free, and changing atmospheric conditions during long exposure times.

The 19th Century: The Invention of Photography

Charles Marville, French, 1813–1879, Hôtel de la Marine, 1864–1870, albumen print, Diana and Mallory Walker Fund, 2006.23.one

The 19th Century: The Invention of Photography

Édouard-Denis Baldus, French, 1813–1889, Toulon, Train Station, c. 1861, albumen impress, Patrons' Permanent Fund, 1995.36.10

The 19th Century: The Invention of Photography

Eugène Cuvelier, French, 1837–1900, Belle-Croix, 1860s, albumen print, Gail and Benjamin Jacobs for the Millennium Fund, 2007.115.1

The 19th Century: The Invention of Photography

Julia Margaret Cameron, British, 1815–1879, The Mountain Nymph, Sugariness Freedom, June 1866, albumen impress, New Century Fund, 1997.97.one

Ensconced in the intellectual and artistic circles of midcentury England, Cameron manipulated focus and lite to create poetic pictures rich in references to literature, mythology, and history. Her monumental views of life-sized heads were unprecedented, and with them she hoped to define a new manner of photography that would rival the expressive power of painting and sculpture. The championship of this work alludes to John Milton'southward mid-seventeenth-century poem "Fifty'Allegro." Describing the happy life of ane who finds pleasance and dazzler in the countryside, the poem includes the lines:

Come up, and trip it as ye go
On the low-cal fantastic toe;
And in thy right hand pb with thee,
The mountain nymph, sugariness Liberty.

The 19th Century: The Invention of Photography

Maria Harriet Elizabeth Cator, British, 1831–1881, Cator Family Anthology (particular), 1866–1877, collage of watercolor and albumen prints in bound volume, Pepita Milmore Memorial Fund, 2014.174.i

In mid-nineteenth-century United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland, upper-course women frequently created collages out of minor, commercial portrait photographs of family and friends, cutting out heads and figures and pasting them onto paper that they then embellished with drawings and watercolor. Made decades before the twentieth-century avant-garde discovered the provocative attraction of photocollage, these inventive, witty, and whimsical pictures undermined the standards of respectability seen in much studio portrait photography of the time.

The 19th Century: The Invention of Photography

Carleton Eastward. Watkins, American, 1829–1916, Piwac, Vernal Falls, 300 feet, Yosemite, 1861, albumen print, Gift of Mary and David Robinson, 1995.35.23

The westward expansion of America opened up new opportunities for photographers such as Watkins and William Bell (see the post-obit slide). Joining government survey expeditions, hired by railroad companies, or catering to tourists and the growing need for grand views of nature, they created photographic landscapes that reached a wide audience of scientists, businessmen, and engineers, also as curious members of the heart class. Watkins's photographs of the sublime Yosemite Valley, which often recall landscape paintings of like majestic subjects, helped convince Congress to pass a beak in 1864 protecting the surface area from development and commercial exploitation.

The 19th Century: The Invention of Photography

William H. Bell, American, born England, 1830–1910, Thou Cañon, Colorado River, Virtually Paria Creek, Looking W, 1872, in Geographical and Geological Explorations and Surveys Westward of the 100th Meridian, Seasons of 1871, 1872, and 1873 (1873), albumen print in bound volume, Corcoran Collection (Gift of William Wilson Corcoran, 1886)

The 19th Century: The Invention of Photography

Guillaume-Benjamin-Amant Duchenne (de Boulogne), French, 1806–1875, Plate 63, Fearfulness, from Mécanisme de la physionomie humaine (The Mechanism of Human Facial Expression) (1862), 1854–1855, albumen impress, Pepita Milmore Memorial Fund

A neurologist, physiologist, and photographer, Duchenne de Boulogne conducted a serial of experiments in the mid-1850s in which he applied electrical currents to various facial muscles to study how they produce expressions of emotion. Convinced that these electrically-induced expressions accurately rendered internal feelings, he so photographed his subjects to establish a precise visual lexicon of human emotions, such equally pain, surprise, fright, and sadness. In 1862 he included this photograph representing fright in a treatise on physiognomy (a pseudoscience that assumes a relationship between external appearance and internal graphic symbol), which enjoyed broad popularity among artists and scientists.

The 19th Century: The Invention of Photography

Eadweard Muybridge, American, born England, 1830–1904, Plate 365, Caput-jump, a flying pigeon interfering, from Animal Locomotion, 1887, collotype, Corcoran Collection (Museum buy, 1887)

Muybridge'south experiments in the 1880s revolutionized the understanding of movement and inspired scientists and artists alike. Using banks of cameras equipped with precisely triggered shutters, he captured sequences of pictures of people and animals moving and performing simple actions, such as climbing stairs or, equally hither, performing a head-spring. Showing pocket-size increments of movements, his piece of work made visible what in one case was ephemeral to the human being center and laid the foundation for move pictures.

maldonadothimeftes.blogspot.com

Source: https://www.nga.gov/features/in-light-of-the-past/the-19th-century-the-invention-of-photography.html

Share this post